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| Parts of an MS DOS command line, showing a system prompt, command and command line arguments, drive letters, file spec with wildcard character and command line switches. |
In the personal computer operating systems MS-DOS and PC-DOS, a number of standard system commands were provided for common tasks such as listing files on a disk or moving files. Some commands were built-in to the command interpreter, others existed as transient commands loaded into memory when required. Over the several generations of MS DOS, commands were added for the additional functions of the operating system. In the current Microsoft Windows operating system a text-mode command prompt window can still be used. Some DOS commands carry out functions equivalent to those in a UNIX system but always with differences in details of the function.
Commands.
Windows command prompt
A partial list of the most common commands are as follows.
1 ANSI.SYS — Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
2 APPEND — Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
3 ARP — Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices
4 ASSIGN — Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter
5 ASSOC — View the file associations
6 AT — Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
7 ATMADM — Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
8 ATTRIB — Display and change file attributes.
9 BATCH — NRecovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
10 BOOTCFG — Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
11 BREAK — Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
12 CACLS — View and modify file ACL’s.
13 CALL — Calls a batch file from another batch file.
14 CD — Changes directories.
15 CHCP — Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
16 CHDIR — Changes directories.
17 CHKDSK — Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
18 CHKNTFS — Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
19 CHOICE — Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
20 CLS — Clears the screen.
21 CMD — Opens the command interpreter.
22 COLOR — Easily change the foreground and background color of the
MS-DOS window.
23 COMP — Compares files.
24 COMPACT — Compresses and uncompress files.
25 CONTROL — Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
26 CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS.
27 COPY — Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
28 CTTY — Change the computers input/output devices.
29 DATE — View or change the systems date.
30 DEBUG — Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
31 DEFRAG — Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
32 DEL — Deletes one or more files.
33 DELETE — Recovery console command that deletes a file.
34 DELTREE — Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
35 DIR — List the contents of one or more directory.
36 DISABLE — Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
37 DISKCOMP — Compare a disk with another disk.
38 DISKCOPY — Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
39 DOSKEY — Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
40 DOSSHELL — A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
41 DRIVPARM — Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
42 ECHO — Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
43 EDIT — View and edit files.
44 EDLIN — View and edit files.
45 EMM386 — Load extended Memory Manager.
46 ENABLE — Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
47 ENDLOCAL — Stops the localization of the environment changes
enabled by the setlocal command.
48 ERASE — Erase files from computer.
49 EXPAND — Expand a Microsoft Windows file back to it’s original format.
50 EXIT — Exit from the command interpreter.
51 EXTRACT — Extract files from the Microsoft Windows cabinets.
52 FASTHELP — Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them
53 FC — Compare files.
54 FDISK — Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
55 FIND — Search for text within a file.
56 FINDSTR — Searches for a string of text within a file.
57 FIXBOOT — Writes a new boot sector.
59 FIXMBR — Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
60 FOR — Boolean used in batch files.
61 FORMAT — Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
62 FTP — Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
63 FTYPE — Displays or modifies file types used in file extension
associations.
64 GOTO — Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
65 GRAFTABL — Show extended characters in graphics mode.
66 HELP — Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
67 IF — Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
68 IFSHLP.SYS — 32-bit file manager.
69 IPCONFIG — Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.
70 KEYB — Change layout of keyboard.
71 LABEL — Change the label of a disk drive.
72 LH — Load a device driver in to high memory.
73 LISTSVC — Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
74 LOADFIX — Load a program above the first 64k.
75 LOADHIGH — Load a device driver in to high memory.
76 LOCK — Lock the hard disk drive.
77 LOGON — Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.
78 MAP — Displays the device name of a drive.
79 MD — Command to create a new directory.
80 MEM — Display memory on system.
81 MKDIR — Command to create a new directory.
82 MODE — Modify the port or display settings.
83 MORE — Display one page at a time.
84 MOVE — Move one or more files from one directory to another DIRECTORY
85 MSAV — Early Microsoft Virus scanner.
86 MSD — Diagnostics utility.
87 MSCDEX — Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
88 NBTSTAT — Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
89 NET — Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
90 NETSH — Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
91 NETSTAT — Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
92 NLSFUNC — Load country specific information.
93 NSLOOKUP — Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
94 PATH — View and modify the computers path location
95 PATHPING — View and locate locations of network latency
97 PING — Test / send information to another network computer or network device .
98 POPD — Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
99 POWER — Conserve power with computer portables.
100 PRINT — Prints data to a printer port.
101 PROMPT — View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
102 PUSHD — Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.
103 QBASIC — Open the QBasic.
104 RD — Removes an empty directory.
105 REN — Renames a file or directory.
106 RENAME — Renames a file or directory.
107 RMDIR — Removes an empty directory.
108 ROUTE — View and configure windows network route tables.
109 RUNAS — Enables a user to execute a program on another
computer.
110 SCANDISK — Run the scandisk utility.
111 SCANREG — Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
112 SET — Change one variable or string to another.
113 SETLOCAL — Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
114 SHARE — Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
115 SETVER — Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
116 SHIFT — Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
117 SHUTDOWN — Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
118 SMARTDRV — Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
119 SORT — Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
120 START — Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
121 SUBST — Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
122 SWITCHES — Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
123 SYS — Transfer system files to disk drive.
124 TELNET — Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
125 TIME — View or modify the system time.
126 TITLE — Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
127 TRACERT — Visually view a network packets route across a network.
128 TREE — View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
129 TYPE — Display the contents of a file.
130 UNDELETE — Undelete a file that has been deleted.
131 UNFORMAT — Unformat a hard disk drive.
132 UNLOCK — Unlock a disk drive.
133 VER — Display the version information.
134 VERIFY — Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
135 VOL — Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
136 XCOPY — Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another.
137 TRUENAME — When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists
138 TASKKILL — It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up application
Please note that on Windows, if you shut off a system service, certain calls from some commands may not execute as expected or run at all.
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